Introduction to Python and Microcontrollers

Servo Knob

Control a servo’s angle directly with a potentiometer — turn the knob, the servo follows.

New Concepts

• Mapping a sensor reading directly onto a physical position

Component List

Circuit

Servos need a clean 5V supply — double-check polarity before connecting power.

Wiring Diagram

Disconnect all power before building the circuit. Reconnect once verified.

Connections:

• Servo Signal → GPIO21, VCC → 5V, GND → GND
• Potentiometer wiper → GPIO14 (ADC)

Schematic Diagram

Code

File: 04_output/code/Servo_Knop.py Module: 04_output/code/myservo.py

from myservo import myServo
from machine import ADC,Pin
import time

servo=myServo(21)

adc=ADC(Pin(14))
adc.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB)
adc.width(ADC.WIDTH_12BIT)

try:
    while True:
        adcValue=adc.read()
        angle=(adcValue*180)/4096
        servo.myServoWriteAngle(int(angle))
        time.sleep_ms(50)
except:
    adc.deinit()
    servo.deinit()

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How to Run

Online

1. Open Thonny → 04_output/code/.
2. Right-click myservo.py → Upload to / if it isn’t already on the device.
3. Double-click Servo_Knop.py.
4. Click Run current script. Turn the potentiometer — the servo rotates to match its position.

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Code Explanation

Scale the ADC range onto the servo’s angle range

adcValue=adc.read()
angle=(adcValue*180)/4096
servo.myServoWriteAngle(int(angle))

The ADC returns 0–4095 (12-bit); multiplying by 180 and dividing by 4096 rescales that range onto 0–180°, the servo’s full range of motion — the same range-remapping idea as Soft Light’s remap(), just written inline as one expression instead of a separate function.

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Key Concepts

• Direct sensor-to-actuator mapping: reading an analog input and immediately driving an output proportionally is one of the most common patterns across this whole kit — same shape as Soft Light and Night Lamp, just with a servo angle instead of LED brightness
• Inline range scaling: (value * newRange) / oldRange is a quick way to rescale a number without writing a full remap() function, when one of the ranges starts at 0

See class myServo for the full API reference.

Further Exploration

• Add smoothing (e.g. only update the servo if the angle changed by more than 2°) to reduce jitter from ADC noise.
• Swap the potentiometer for the Joystick’s X or Y axis to control the servo with a stick instead of a knob.

Back to Module

Adapted from Python_Tutorial.pdf Project 18.2

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